Sovereignty on Paper: Saudi Missiles, Sudan's Alignment, Baghdad's Militia Arithmetic, and Cairo's Counter-Ethiopia Bloc

On the third anniversary of October 7, the region's fault lines sharpen: Saudi Arabia absorbs Houthi strikes while drawing Turkey and Pakistan into its defence perimeter; Sudan's SAF consolidates a diplomatic bloc against the RSF's external backers; Iraq's new prime minister confronts the militia question head-on after US withdrawal; and Egypt leverages the El Alamein summit to anchor a counter-Ethiopia regional order.

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