1 UPSC CSE Sociology Optional Paper II

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The primary tension in Indian society lies between the deep-rooted traditional structures of caste and kinship and the modernizing forces of development planning.

This discussion explores the varied visions of social change, from the modernization of tradition to the impact of the Green Revolution. We analyze how politics, religion, and social movements like the Dalit and environmental movements redefine citizenship and democracy.

• Discuss the social background of Indian nationalism and the modernization of tradition.
• Explore the household dimensions of family and the sexual division of labour.
• Assess the growth of urban settlements and the challenges faced by the working class in the informal sector.
• Identify the emerging issues in population policy, including sex ratios and infant mortality.
• Analyze the crisis of development regarding displacement and environmental sustainability.

The framework highlights the specific role of the decentralization of power and regionalism in shaping modern politics.

How can development planning effectively address the environmental problems associated with the current crisis of development?